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algorithm causes hypernatremia management acidosis alkalosis cardiology chloride ekg electrocardiogram erythematosus gitelman hypokalemia hyponatremia hypotonic lactic lupus metabolic pathophysiology physiologic
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) Check Urine ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Acidosis - Differential ... ., urine, sweat) ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome ... #typea #typeb #classification
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework STEMI: • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
- Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Tower sign) and low-amplitude ... dissection • Sodium-channel ... #ecg #ekg #electrocardiogram
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... ULN • AST/ALT Elevation ... Isotonic fluid/Lactated ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Suspect: Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
anti-Smith Ab, low ... Skin Disease Classification ... permanent alopecia Differential ... edema, active urine ... , lymphopenia, low
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