11 results
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Classification of PCL Iniuries
 • Partial: Translation <
Clinical Findings Classification ... Posterior draw test, - Lachman ... Posterior draw test, + Lachman ... pathophysiology #classification ... #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... #differential # ... algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Kidney loss of Cl ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Potassium-sparing ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Webber Ankle Injury Classification

A: In a Supination-Adduction injury the fibula breaks first, with a fracture below
Webber Ankle Injury Classification ... and easy way to differentiate ... They arealmost all ... #Diagnosis #Orthopedics ... Injury #Fracture #Classification
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... correcting serum potassium ... #hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #differential # ... algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... combination with ACE ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification