10 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Localization of Renal ... loop of Henle Gitelman ... #Localization #Nephron ... #Defects #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Cushing's syndrome, Liddle ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... Low Aldosterone: Liddle's ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... glycyrrhizic acid, Liddle's ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... • Licorice • Liddle's ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Diarrhea • RENAL ... - Bartter - Gitelman ... gas transport, renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... mineralocorticoid excess, Liddle's ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... diuretics after renal ... deficiency • Liddle ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Cushing's syndrome, Liddle ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... syndromes (Conn's, Liddle's ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology