10 results
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
into cells FEMg ... >4% = renal magnesium ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... potassium(K) & magnesium ... wasting from other causes ... causes • Laxative ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... Increased Excretion - Renal ... : • Aluminum/Magnesium ... #endocrinology ... #causes
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis and Management

Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium concentration > 2.6 mg/dL.
Symptoms include hyporeflexia, hypotension,
mortality in ICU Causes ... antacids, or enemas, Treatment ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Addison's disease) Treatment ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... kidney tubular cells ... Treatment of underlying ... Diagnosis #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Treatment algorithm ... Renal Failure → ... Calcitonin Refractory Cases ... #Treatment #algorithm ... #management #endocrinology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gittelman's syndrome • Magnesium ... aldosterone • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... only if no clear cause ... Redistribution Treatments ... Drives K+ into cells ... #potassium #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... the underlying cause ... • Treatment of ... • Magnesium correction ... with AEDs until cause
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
apical membrane of cells ... (renal potassium ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... • Potassium • Magnesium ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology