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diagnosis nephrology algorithm adh alkalosis chloride classification dyspnea ebv elevation gitelman hypernatremia hypokalemia hypotonic hypovolemia lactate lactic management metabolic osmolality
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... treat underlying cause ... Pulmonary Diseases ... #Differential # ... #sodium
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea: • Myocardium: - Heart failure - CAD/ACS - Valvulopathy • Electrical: -
Dyspnea - Differential ... fast - Too slow ... Transverse myelitis • Hematology ... Additional: - Acidosis ... #dyspnea #sob #differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... #differential # ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
osmolality helps to differentiate ... among the possible causes ... in blood urea causes ... stimulated in states of low ... activated in states of low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... the indicated causes ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium ... #differential #
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential ... e.g., uptake by cells ... LV failure - Low ... output - Acute pulmonary ... #Elevation #Differential
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework When to Consider Vasculitis: • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions • Mononeuritis multiplex • Hematuria, proteinuria,
Vasculitis - Differential ... Multinucleated giant cells ... affects the skin, neurologic ... cognitive impairment, neurologic ... tract, and often causes
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... apical membrane of cells ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis
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