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diagnosis differential clinical hematology management smear algorithm bloodsmear path anemia classification leukemia mds myelodysplastic nephrology rheumatology schistocytes treatment vasculitis acidosis
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... by blood cells ... skin that are caused ... Out Secondary Causes ... diagnosis #hematology #oncology
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES: Hyperviscosity Syndrome: • Spontaneous bleeding • Shortness of breath
Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... neutrophil count < 500 cells ... Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ... : Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Constipation • Nausea
Schistocytes can assume a shape resembling natural or man-made objects such as arrowheads, fish, collar buttons,
In this case, arrows ... point to helmet cells ... seen in the left photo ... In the right photo ... Path #BloodSmear #Blood
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... = funny-shaped cells ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... Myelodysplastic #Syndrome ... treatment #hematology #oncology
VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) Syndrome Clinical Syndrome: • Common Clinical Features: alveolitis, ear and
Clinical Syndrome ... hematopoietic stem cells ... including peripheral blood ... myeloid cells ... NEJM Review: https
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... and petechiae Causes ... Constitutional Syndromes ... result from low blood ... Aplastic #Anemia #oncology
Some of the techniques used for Antenatal Diagnosis Amniocentesis - Chromosome/micro-array and DNA analysis -
— PCR Fetal blood ... serology - Fetal blood ... genetic analysis of cells ... surgery, e.g. laser photo-coagulation ... transfusion syndrome
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
the peripheral blood ... -> AML: Blast crises ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... Leukemia #Hematology #Oncology
Schistocytes - The arrows point to schistocytes which are fragmented red blood cells. Also called schizocytes,
fragmented red blood ... cells. ... In the right photo ... hemolytic- uremic syndromes ... Path #BloodSmear #Blood
Rapid, increasing signs of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) is an important key feature of NMS. EPS, associated
about 95% of NMS cases ... (CK) and white blood ... cells. ... differentiating the two syndromes ... Diagnosis #Serotonin #Syndrome
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