11 results
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... cells, red blood ... cells - red blood ... cells, white blood ... diagnosis #hematology #oncology
VEXAS (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) Syndrome
Clinical Syndrome:
 • Common Clinical Features: alveolitis, ear and
Clinical Syndrome ... hematopoietic stem cells ... including peripheral blood ... myeloid cells ... NEJM Review: https
Some of the techniques used for Antenatal Diagnosis

Amniocentesis 
 - Chromosome/micro-array and DNA analysis 
 -
— PCR Fetal blood ... serology - Fetal blood ... genetic analysis of cells ... surgery, e.g. laser photo-coagulation ... transfusion syndrome
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... Constitutional Syndromes ... marrow-failure syndromes ... result from low blood ... Aplastic #Anemia #oncology
Schistocytes - The arrows point to schistocytes which are fragmented red blood cells. Also called schizocytes,
fragmented red blood ... cells. ... In the right photo ... hemolytic- uremic syndromes ... Path #BloodSmear #Blood
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
the peripheral blood ... - Blood and Bone ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... Leukemia #Hematology #Oncology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
or basket cells ... Lymphocytosis: Absolute blood ... • Richter’s Syndrome ... leukemia • Sezary syndrome ... diagnosis #workup #oncology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... content [85].2>5 red blood ... cells/high-power ... proteinuria #nephrotic #syndrome ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... or compartment syndrome ... UA positive for blood ... kidney tubular cells ... causes #treatment #nephrology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
integrity of the blood-brain ... CNS ○ Infected cells ... penetrance through the blood-brain ... The clinical syndrome ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology