17 results
A Lewis Lead (also called the S5 lead) is a modified ECG lead used to detect
is a modified ECG ... clinically, based on signs ... standard 12 lead ECG ... Lead I on the ECG ... #Cardiology #EKG
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
excess secretion of hCG ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... tissue expansion (e.g ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
mutated in all cells ... Retinoblastoma Signs ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
The epidemiology of this disease is 1/340,000 births and roughly double
Signs of immunodeficiency ... from precursor cells ... humoral immunity Signs ... bacterial infections (e.g ... Agammaglobulinemia #XLinked #pathophysiology
Bone resorption and the relationship between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.  
RANK is expressed on the osteoclasts,
expressed on marrow cells ... linking proteins (e.g ... Several acids (e.g ... #Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
diffusion of K+ out of cells ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... Lysis of tumor cells ... unless worrisome EKG
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... of UMN and LMN signs ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Luteal Phase Explained
 • The LH surge can be thought
follicle's granulosa cells ... implantation does occur, HCG ... #OvarianCycle #pathophysiology ... #LutealPhase #endocrinology