63 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
XR — scotty dog sign ... vertebrae • CT ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Bell's palsy
There are many different causes of Facial Nerve Palsy. However, the commonest
cause of unilateral facial
Bell's palsy There ... - Ptosis #Bells ... #Palsy #Neurology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Diagnosis
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
& inflammatory cells ... exertion • Neurologic ... : Bell's palsy, ... #Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
and Management ... cases Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... involvement - CT
Fat Embolism Syndrome
Trauma to the long bone or pelvis accounts for —9096 of cases. The diagnosis
Trauma to the long ... bone or pelvis ... The diagnosis is ... Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
yrs old; F>M Signs ... /Symptoms: - Fever ... Anemia - Giant cells ... Temporal #Arteritis #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
mutated in all cells ... Retinoblastoma Signs ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms ... #management #neurology
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
tendon is 15cm long ... pre-determined etiology Signs ... TendonRupture #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #pathophysiology
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook

Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy
Presentation:
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis ... ophthalmoplegia), systemic signs ... Imaging (if atypical symptoms ... CN7, parotid), CT ... #Neurology