31 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... sediment by microscopy ... pain + gross or microscopic ... microscopic and ... Bacterial) • TB
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Urine Microscopy ... and Casts - Image ... Transitional Epithelial Cells ... JoseTesser) #Urine ... #Microscopy #Casts
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... fresh at time of microscopy ... contamination #Urine ... #Microscopy #Atlas
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Diagnosis and Management ... extrapulmonary cases ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... of AFB by smear microscopy ... Management:
Examples of varying granular and granular/waxy mixed casts: 
A: coarse granular/broad-waxy (and surrounding white blood cells);
granular/waxy mixed casts ... surrounding white blood cells ... Granular #MuddyBrown #Casts ... #Urine #Microscopy
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Algorithm Red blood cells ... on urine microscopy ... with polyangiitis/microscopic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... for microscopic ... stain taken up by cells ... or casts and will ... protein matrix of casts
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam ... • Epithelial cells ... • Red blood cells ... • Urinary casts ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
tuberculosis (MDR-TB ... tuberculosis (LTBI) Pathophysiology ... macrophages and T cells ... Langerhans giant cells ... #Diagnosis #Management
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
tuberculosis (MDR-TB ... tuberculosis (LTBI) Pathophysiology ... macrophages and T cells ... Langerhans giant cells ... #Diagnosis #Management