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diagnosis differential hypersensitivityreaction causes hypokalemia aids associated chloride dementia disorder gitelman glomerular hand hiv hypochloremia hypophosphatemia low management nephrotic neurocognitive
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
Particular CD4+ Th cells ... harmful -> Th Cells ... macrophages, mast cells ... Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... #Immunology #pathophysiology
Type I Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Definition: Production of lgE Antibodies that bind to harmless allergens
leading to an allergic ... plasma cells that ... complexes bind to mast cells ... • Inflammatory cells ... #Immunology #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift Into Cells ... imports K+ into cells ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Type II Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Definition: When antigens bind to the body's cell surfaces, forming
surfaces of body cells ... body cell -> B-Cells ... foreign -> B-cells ... HypersensitivityReaction #Allergy ... #Immunology #pathophysiology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use • Redistribution/
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Redistribution/ Shift into cells ... ), Hungry bone syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cause - Decreased Intake: • Low salt in diet • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... smooth muscle cells ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... .2>5 red blood cells ... #Algorithm #differential ... #nephrology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Definition: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories: • Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment • Mild neurocognitive impairment • HIV dementia Pathophysiology: HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... invades mononuclear cells ... CNS ○ Infected cells ... The clinical syndrome ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... apical membrane of cells ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
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