12 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift Into Cells ... imports K+ into cells ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Thrombocytosis: cells ... 7) - principal cells ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... potassium #high #pathophysiology
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
Particular CD4+ Th cells ... harmful -> Th Cells ... macrophages, mast cells ... Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... #pathophysiology
Tumor lysis syndrome refers to the constellation of metabolic disturbances that occurs when large numbers of
Tumor lysis syndrome ... of neoplastic cells ... hyperuricemia, #hyperkalemia ... acutekidneyinjury #Pathophysiology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Redistribution/ Shift into cells ... ), Hungry bone syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... or compartment syndrome ... kidney tubular cells ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... : • Pathophysiology ... Lysis of tumor cells ... hydration - Hyperkalemia
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... smooth muscle cells ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... .2>5 red blood cells ... #Algorithm #differential ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
apical membrane of cells ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology ... #Hypokalemia