31 results
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
mutated in all cells ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Fat Embolism Syndrome
Trauma to the long bone or pelvis accounts for —9096 of cases. The diagnosis
the long bone or pelvis ... accounts for —9096 of cases ... Pathophysiology ... Syndrome #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Diagnosis and Management ... extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
some red blood cells ... 10,000 ft) • Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... - The classic signs
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... = nonspecific (nausea ... hypoglycemia, encephalopathy ... #pathophysiology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis of tumor cells ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
Hepatic Encephalopathy ... Diagnosis and Management ... neuropsychiatric symptoms ... rule out other causes ... #Grading #Classification
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... vascular endothelial cells ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Post-Transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorders (PTLD)
Definition: Lymphoid and/or plasmacytic proliferations that occur as a result of immunosuppression in
Conditioning regimen Signs ... EBV viral load, signs ... Diagnosis and classification ... to 50% of PTLD cases ... oncology #diagnosis #management
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Diagnosis and Management ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... tissue: Epithelioid cells ... are not caused ... #Signs #Symptoms