16 results
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
of Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... of carbohydrate metabolism ... state and fat metabolism ... #Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
degeneration - Retina: Diabetic ... Nerve / Track: Glaucoma ... Endophthalmitis, Glaucoma ... Cerebri, PRES, Metabolic ... Diagnosis #causes #ophthalmology
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
mutated in all cells ... Pseudo-hypopyon • Secondary ... glaucoma • Strabismus ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
Euglycemic Diabetic ... Definition of EuDKA • Metabolic ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... #Euglycemic #Diabetic ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology ... #diabetes
Humoral Immunity - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Antigens (Ag) are produced from pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)
trauma, tumor, metabolism ... Ag-presenting cells ... or plasma cells ... and amplitude of secondary ... Humoral #Immunity #pathophysiology
Secondary Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Open-Angle Secondary Glaucoma:
 • Pre-trabecular defect -> Aqueous outflow is obstructed
Secondary Glaucoma ... retinal ganglion cells ... retinal ganglion cells ... #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
from hormonal and metabolic ... Poorly controlled diabetes ... hyperparathyroidism • Secondary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... classes, including a diuretic ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Jcortesizaguirr #Secondary
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
Hypogonad (50%) • Metabolic ... malignancy Pathophysiology ... Acromegaly occurs secondary ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology ... #Treatment #Pathophysiology