23 results
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Diagnosis Framework ... Joint Causes of Leg ... Ewing sarcoma • Legg-Calve-Perthes ... lower #extremity #msk ... #physicalexam
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
Externally Rotated Leg ... • Shortened leg ... Internally Rotated Leg ... down affected leg ... FemoralHead #Fractures #msk
Abnormal (Positive) Babinski Sign on Physical Exam

Dorsiflexion of the great toe with or without fanning of
Positive) Babinski Sign ... withdrawal of the leg ... Positive #Babinski #Sign ... #PhysicalExam # ... reflex #pyramidal #neurology
Radiculopathy: Signs and Symptoms
 • Back/Neck Pain
 • Decr Range of motion
 • Abnormal posturing
 •
Radiculopathy: Signs ... pain Lasegue's sign ... : • Straight leg ... Radiculopathy #MSK ... #diagnosis #signs
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
lumbar spine Signs ... loss of normal leg ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #symptoms #signs
Diagnostic Testing for Meningitis
History:
 • Triad: Fever, neck stiffness, and altered mental status
 • Sens: 44%
Non-specific Kernig Sign ... : • Leg extension ... 95% Brudzinski Sign ... flex neck and legs ... #testing #physicalexam
Clinical Features and Vascular Territories of Stroke
Anterior circulation—anterior cerebral artery (ACA) - Contralateral leg weakness
Anterior circulation—middle
Contralateral leg ... Contralateral face, arm > leg ... without cortical signs ... #Stroke #CVA #Diagnosis ... #Neurology
Physical Exam findings in Lower Extremity DVT - Likelihood Ratios
 - Asymmetric calf swelling, ≥2 cm
Swelling of entire leg ... - NS - Homans sign ... Likelihood #Ratios #PhysicalExam ... #diagnosis
Hoover's Sign for Functional Lower Extremity Paralysis

Used to distinguish organic from functional leg hemiparesis.

Ask the patient
from functional leg ... flex their weak leg ... transmitted to either leg ... Leg #Paralysis # ... #neurology #psychiatry
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
and bilateral leg ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... #neurology #sensory ... #motor #leg #physicalexam