12 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... administration Step 3. ... liver failure • nephrotic ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... is ruled out, causes ... (low intake) 2. ... #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... discontinued) 3. ... secreting tumor 3. ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
2) HISTORY/PHYSICAL ... Urinary obstruction, Nephrotoxic ... (e.g NSAlDs) 3) ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC CAUSES
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... damage or DM (visit 2) ... withdrawal Anatomic Causes ... RAS Metabolic Causes ... #Causes
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial ... infections are common causes ... glomerular #disease #workup ... #testing #nephrology ... #nephrotic #nephritis
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial ... infections are common causes ... cryoglobulinemias (types 2 ... and 3), and certain ... #nephritic #nephrology
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... A) Initial Evaluation ... non-lacunar CVA 2) ... embolic source 3) ... Ruled out other causes
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
vast majority of cases ... to work through ... 2) Is ADH elevated ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Phase I - Initial ... Transient K+ efflux moving ... Phase 2 - Plateau ... 1 - Sodium Channel ... Classification #Classes