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diagnosis differential causes hypernatremia hypokalemia pathophysiology hypercalcemia hypertension hyponatremia hypotonic management parathyroid physiologic potassium pth screening secondary
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... prevalence of 1- ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm High or Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... Intoxication - High 1, ... #Workup #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... acidosis (type 1 ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... hypokalemic salt-losing ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... #nephrology #management
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... Step 1 . ... Repeat the sodium ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... +K / serum Na >1 ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing Common causes: • Renal parenchymal disease
(correction of hypokalemia ... Oral sodium loading ... - Overnight 1-mg ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table
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