310 results
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
the peripheral blood ... Blast cells - Blood ... -> AML: Blast crises ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... • Tumor lysis syndrome
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Causes of acute ... Irritable bowel syndrome ... disease - Fecal leukocytes ... and occult blood ... Malabsorption syndromes
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Edema - ++++ Blood ... not occur Red blood ... cell casts - Absent ... Edema - ++ Blood ... cell casts - Present
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #renal #urine #blood
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
39 C this is a clinical ... maintained fever CAUSES ... urological device • Blood ... • Intracranial blood ... #Differential #Causes
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Blood (hemoglobin ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Red blood cells ... : • White blood ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... group of disorders caused ... age • 22 and 45 cases ... skin that are caused ... Out Secondary Causes
Antiphospholipid Syndrome (Hughes' Syndrome) 
Antiphospholipid syndrome - an autoimmune condition where the affected individual produces antibodies
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ... (Hughes' Syndrome ... Antiphospholipid syndrome ... It can cause arterial ... /venous blood clots
Evaluation of Leukocytosis:
The term 'leukocyte' applies to any cells within the myeloblast, monoblast, & lymphoid lineages.
Include
Leukocytosis: The term 'leukocyte ... defined as white blood ... in peripheral blood ... precursor cells to leukocytes ... the underlying cause
Myocarditis - Diagnosis and Causes
 • Clinical presentation: Pseudo-acute coronary syndrome, Cardiac failure <3 rnonths, Cardiogenic
Diagnosis and Causes ... • Clinical presentation ... Pseudo-acute coronary syndrome ... Recent flu-like syndrome ... diagnosis: Ischernic cause