29 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... #Primary #Metabolic
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... , Osmotic diuresis ... use), Gitelman's ... thiazide diuretic ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
effective arterial blood ... Cl - Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... - Gitelman ... #Low #Magnesium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
loop or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... blood pressure: ... Active diuretic ... , Gitelman syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... with thiazide diuretic ... blood pressure ... Surreptitious diuretic ... #Syndrome #diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #nephrology #potassium