1724 results
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Microscopy and Casts ... - WBC Cast - ... RBC Cast - Fatty ... Cast - Waxy Cast ... - RTEC Cast
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • White cell casts ... disease • Granular casts ... • “Muddy brown cast
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy - Casts ... Acellular Casts ... • Hyaline Casts ... "Muddy Brown" Casts ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome
Granular & “Muddy Brown” Casts on Urine Microscopy
A. Finely granular cast B. slightly coarser granular cast
“Muddy Brown” Casts ... Finely granular cast ... coarser granular cast ... (mb) granular cast ... by a waxy (wx) cast
Leukocyte Esterase and Nitrites on Urinalysis
Leukocyte Esterase: Urinary tract infection, Indwelling urinary catheter, Recent instrumentation of
Leukocyte Esterase ... on Urinalysis Leukocyte ... EricsMedicalLectures/ #Leukocyte
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
• Blasts > 10% leukocytes ... Splenomegaly • ↑ Leukocyte ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... AML Dx: • ↑ Leukocyte ... • Tumor lysis syndrome
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Between Nephrotic Syndrome ... and Nephritic Syndrome ... == Nephrotic Syndrome ... Red blood cell casts ... Red blood cell casts
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated, multisystem disorder that affects genetically susceptible individuals who are exposed to
mainly Sjogren’s syndrome ... and William’s syndromes ... testing for human leukocyte ... performed in select cases