11 results
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Clarity Dipstick ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Pyuria - Leukocytes ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts ... No Pyuria - No Leukocytes ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... - Diagnostic of ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... Microscopy #Atlas #key #diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... (Urinalysis or dipstick ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... → Diagnostic of ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... bag • Perform dipstick ... protein, blood or leukocyte ... up by cells or casts ... protein matrix of casts
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Anti-GBM antibody • Urine ... : UA, Urine protein ... Other tests: • CT chest ... typically seen on chest ... hematuria, RBC casts
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis ... hypertension (90% of cases ... ↑ 24-hour urine ... is suspected: chest ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis
Approach to Microscopic Hematuria 

Microscopic hematuria is often incidental but may be associated with urologic malignancy.
RBC's, cellular casts ... properly collected urine ... Not by positive dipstick ... #Microscopic #diagnosis
Fever After International Travel

Infectious Disease:
• Endemic in either the destination or home region

Viral Syndromes:
Arboviral infections, a
falciparum: Most cases ... of malaria diagnosed ... serologic tests; a chest ... examination; and urine ... tests, including a dipstick
List of Zoonotic Diseases

Armadillos - Sporothrix schenckii (sporotrichosis), Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy)
Bamboo rats - Talaromyces marneffei (formerly
(psittacosis) Cats ... Rickettsia typhi (murine ... solium, Ingested cysts ... ) Squirrels - Bornavirus ... #differential #diagnosis