10 results
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... Proteinuria often ... but in severe cases
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... and/or proteinuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)?
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... syndrome: • ... : - RBC casts ... - Proteinuria ... • Nutcracker syndrome
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
proteins, documenting proteinuria ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... #urine #UNa #casts ... #glucosuria #hematuria
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... arbitrarily defined as urine ... cell/white cell casts ... Hematuria may be ... #nephrotic #syndrome
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
vast majority of cases ... Measure urine osmolality ... the underlying cause ... demyelination syndrome ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
, hematuria) • ... : UA, Urine protein ... , RBC casts, low ... grade proteinuria ... differential #diagnosis #management
Staphylococcus-associated GlomeruloNephritis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
CLINICAL
 • Nephritic syndrome (Casts)
 • Marked proteinuria (may be
Diagnosis and Management ... • Nephritic syndrome ... (Casts) • Marked ... proteinuria (may ... 15% macroscopic haematuria
Approach to Microscopic Hematuria 

Microscopic hematuria is often incidental but may be associated with urologic malignancy.
to Microscopic Hematuria ... RBC's, cellular casts ... , proteinuria, elevated ... properly collected urine ... Microscopic #diagnosis #management
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... Weakness - Dark urine ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Cast formation: