309 results
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... exclusively on urine ... proteinuria as a disease ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase
Step by Step Algorithmic Approach to Pediatric Fever

Age < 21 days old (or 28 days for
sensitivity) Leukocytes ... in the urine Procalcitonin ... Peds #Diagnosis #Management
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... #Glomerular #Diseases
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... of glomerular disease ... • Leukocytes ... contamination #Urine
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Irritable bowel syndrome ... Systemic disease ... - Fecal leukocytes ... Malabsorption syndromes ... Chronic #Diarrhea #management
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
• Drummond's syndrome ... (blue diaper syndrome ... • Hartnup disease ... Bag Syndrome - ... Myoglobinuria, Nutcracker syndrome
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... promoted by acidic urine ... in tumor lysis syndrome ... specific systemic disease ... specific systemic disease
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
extramedullary disease ... • Blasts > 10% leukocytes ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... AML Dx: • ↑ Leukocyte ... • Tumor lysis syndrome
What the Color of Urine Can Tell You - Differential Diagnosis by Urine Color
Clear: excess water
Pale
What the Color of Urine ... Differential Diagnosis by Urine ... : rare genetic disease ... Purple (Purple Urine ... Syndrome): Indwelling
Ashkenazi Jewish Genetic Screening Algorithm
 • Bloom syndrome
 • Canavan disease
 • Familial dysautonomia
 • Fanconi
Algorithm • Bloom syndrome ... 1A • Joubert syndrome ... • Maple syrup urine ... • Usher syndrome ... type 1F • Usher syndrome