51 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... symptoms (HA, nausea ... history (cardiac, liver ... #EM #IM #Nephro ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Heart failure, liver ... #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... usually caused by ... 3 questions to work ... demyelination syndrome ... include vaptans (HF/liver
Causes of Altered Level of Consciousness GCS < 7 - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Brain Involvement - Hemispheric
Causes of Altered ... Level of Consciousness ... Algorithm Brain ... - Excesses • Liver ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... Heart Failure, Liver ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular - Liver Parenchyma
 • Infectious: Hepatitis C, A,
Liver Injury - Differential ... - Liver Parenchyma ... obstruction, HELLP Syndrome ... Artery: Shock Liver ... #algorithm #hepatology
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm ADRENAL ... • Obesity • Liver ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #causes
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... WBCs - Normal Liver ... Deficiency - Abnormal Liver ... Tests • Liver ... #Algorithm #Causes