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Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
loss, lethargy, fever ... • CT: Halo sign ... • Fever, weight ... be normal • Fever ... Infections #HIV #AIDS #pulmonary
Lobar pneumonia
On the chest x-ray there is an ill-defined area of increased density in the right
On the chest x-ray ... Notice the air-bronchogram ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #AirBronchogram ... #RadiologyAssistant
Air Bronchograms in Pneumonia on Lung Ultrasound

Pearl: When lung looks like liver, it's never a good
in Pneumonia on ... , it's never a good ... CXR in video for ... #clinical #pocus ... #Pulmonary
Interstitial pneumonias
An acute reticular pattern is most frequently caused by interstitial edema due to cardiac heart
Interstitial pneumonias ... cough and some fever ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Acute #Interstitial ... #RadiologyAssistant
Septic emboli
Septic emboli usually present as multiple ill-defined nodules.
In about 50% cavitation is seen.
CT demonstrates more
CT demonstrates ... abutting the pleura, air-bronchograms ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CTChest # ... SepticEmboli #Cavity #RadiologyAssistant
Pneumonia on Chest Xray and POCUS

Extensive pneumonia in lower left lobe (red arrow). 
POCUS: Dynamic air
Pneumonia on Chest ... POCUS: Dynamic air ... AirBronchogram #POCUS #CXR ... #Lung #Pulmonary ... #Clinical
Air Bronchogram Sign on Chest CT
 • Patent airways surrounded by opacified lung
 • DDx: pna,
Sign on Chest CT ... edema, severe ILD ... #Lung #Pulmonary ... #diagnosis #radiology ... #clinical
Venn Diagram - Does this patient have pneumonia?
Diagnosis is generally based on three lines of evidence:
this patient have pneumonia ... infiltrate (e.g., CXR ... , CT, ultrasound ... Inflammation (e.g., fever ... #Pneumonia #Venn
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Overview:
 • Idiopathic form of organizing pneumonia
 • formerly BOOP
- Clinical manifestations ... cough, dyspnea, fever ... - Imaging: • CXR ... , Pulmonary lymphoma ... #ILD #diagnosis
Based on the images alone, it is usually not possible to determine the cause of the
with cough and fever ... with low oxygen level ... nodular interstitial lung ... #Radiology #CXR ... Consolidation #Causes #RadiologyAssistant