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Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Lung Infections ... : • Chest pain ... Legionella: • Nausea ... factor • May cause ... reported in 100% of cases
Interstitial pneumonias
An acute reticular pattern is most frequently caused by interstitial edema due to cardiac heart
Interstitial pneumonias ... most frequently caused ... The other cause ... cough and some fever ... #Clinical #Radiology
Lobar pneumonia
On the chest x-ray there is an ill-defined area of increased density in the right
On the chest x-ray ... weight loss or long ... include the list of causes ... caused by Streptcoccus ... #Clinical #Radiology
Lung Segment Anatomy Annotated on Chest CT
Right Lung:
 • Upper Lobe: Apical, Posterior, Anterior
 • Middle
Annotated on Chest ... radiopaedia.org/cases ... lobes #Segments #Chest ... #CT #CTChest #pulmonary ... #clinical #radiology
The PA-film shows a silhouette sign of the left heart border.
Even without looking at the lateral
anteriorly in the left lung ... caused by Sterptococcus ... pneumoniae. ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Pneumonia
Pathogens in Pneumonia

Here is a quick review of the pathogens causing pneumonia (useful for enumerating differentials
your grand rounds/cases ... smoking. structural lung ... Burkholderia — structural lung ... MAC (structural lung ... #Microbiology #Causes
Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)
Exposure-Related ILD (a.k.a. extrinsic allergic alveolitis): 
 • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Farmer's lung, Bird
Interstitial Lung ... Bird fanciers' lung ... ILD caused by inhalation ... (coal workers' lung ... differential #pulmonary #causes
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Overview:
 • Idiopathic form of organizing pneumonia
 • formerly BOOP
of interstitial lung ... Unknown • 6-7 cases ... cough, dyspnea, fever ... Diagnosis: • Lung ... TBNA or Surgical lung
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
respiratory failure, pneumonia ... rhinorrhea, cough; pneumonia ... , pharyngitis; pneumonia ... Streptococcus pneumoniae ... otitis media; pneumonia
The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) comprise a heterogenous group of disorders. 
They represent fundamental responses of
responses of the lung ... indicates unknown cause ... involvement of the lung ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest