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Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
• CT: Halo sign ... • Fever, weight ... Constitutional symptoms ... (fever, weight ... Infections #HIV #AIDS #pulmonary
Complications of Measles: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • ADEM -> Fever, headache, neck stiffness, BBD, mental
Pericarditis • Pneumonia ... SOB, fatigue, fever ... N/V, elevated liver ... Complications #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #pathophysiology
Venn Diagram - Does this patient have pneumonia?
Diagnosis is generally based on three lines of evidence:
this patient have pneumonia ... Inflammation (e.g., fever ... symptoms (e.g., ... chest pain) and signs ... #Pneumonia #Venn
Fever in Returning Travelers from Tropical Regions - Frequent Differential Diagnoses
Medical History:
 • Skin exposure to
infection Cardinal Symptoms ... localizing signs ... or symptoms - Malaria ... Cough, dyspnea - Pneumonia ... melioidosis, typhoid, pulmonary
Measles (Rubeola) 
Clinical 
 • High fever 
 • Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis (The 3 C's)
Clinical • High fever ... comrnon) • Pneumonia ... KoplikSpots #Features #Symptoms ... #Signs
Eosinophilic Pneumonia
When to suspect Eosinophilic Pneumonia? Non-resolving pneumonia + BAL > 25% eosinophils + excluded more
Eosinophilic Pneumonia ... tobacco hx - Fever ... Constitutional Symptoms ... Consolidations AKA "inverse pulmonary ... #diagnosis #pulmonary
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Overview:
 • Idiopathic form of organizing pneumonia
 • formerly BOOP
of organizing pneumonia ... cough, dyspnea, fever ... , Pulmonary lymphoma ... #COP #BOOP #pulmonary ... ILD #diagnosis #management
A Non-Invasive approach to Respiratory Failure
 • COPD and Ventilatory Failure → NiPPV with Bi-level Settings
NiPPV with Bi-level ... Settings • CHF / Pulmonary ... NiPPV CPAP or Bi-level ... Settings • Pneumonia ... Respiratory #Failure #management
Based on the images alone, it is usually not possible to determine the cause of the
and other non-pulmonary ... Lobar pneumonia ... Pulmonary hemorrhage ... with low oxygen level ... Consolidation #Causes #RadiologyAssistant
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
Constitutional: Fever ... polyarthritis • Pulmonary ... Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis #Symptoms ... #Signs #Pulmonary