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Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
loss, lethargy, fever ... • Fever, weight ... be normal • Fever ... Infections #HIV #AIDS #pulmonary ... differential #diagnosis #infectiousdiseases
Interstitial pneumonias
An acute reticular pattern is most frequently caused by interstitial edema due to cardiac heart
Interstitial pneumonias ... cough and some fever ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Acute #Interstitial ... #Pneumonia #PJP
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Overview:
 • Idiopathic form of organizing pneumonia
 • formerly BOOP
- Clinical manifestations ... cough, dyspnea, fever ... - Imaging: • CXR ... , Pulmonary lymphoma ... Treatment: •
Adjuvant therapies in critical care: steroids to treat infectious diseases
 - Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia
Adjuvant therapies in critical ... Community Acquired Pneumonia ... - Typhoid fever ... Corticosteroids #Adjuvant #InfectiousDiseases ... Pharmacology #Management #Treatment
Miliary Tuberculosis 
Hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
Clinical: 
 • Failure to thrive 
 • Fever
tuberculosis Clinical ... to thrive • Fever ... and joints • Liver ... Tuberculosis #TB #Pulmonary ... #InfectiousDiseases
Pneumonia on Chest Xray and POCUS

Extensive pneumonia in lower left lobe (red arrow). 
POCUS: Dynamic air
Pneumonia on Chest ... AirBronchogram #POCUS #CXR ... #Comparison #Clinical ... #Lung #Pulmonary ... #Clinical
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Lung Abscess
Microbiology:
 • Polymicrobial 
 • Anaerobes (most common) 
Clinical: 
 • Indolent symptoms that evolve
most common) Clinical ... to rnonths • Fever ... , hemoptysis Treatment ... Abscess #Diagnosis #Pulmonary ... #Clinical #CXR
Based on the images alone, it is usually not possible to determine the cause of the
chronic illness, clinical ... Lobar pneumonia ... Organizing pneumonia ... with low oxygen level ... #Radiology #CXR
Table 3. Suggested Empiric Treatment Options for Clinically Suspected Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Units Where Empiric Methicillin-Resistant
Suggested Empiric Treatment ... Options for Clinically ... Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia ... Appropriate #Management #InfectiousDiseases
Venn Diagram - Does this patient have pneumonia?
Diagnosis is generally based on three lines of evidence:
this patient have pneumonia ... infiltrate (e.g., CXR ... Inflammation (e.g., fever ... procalcitonin) - Pulmonary ... #Pneumonia #Venn