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Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
- Differential Diagnosis ... loss, lethargy, fever ... • Fever, weight ... Infections #HIV #AIDS #pulmonary ... #differential #diagnosis
More common & convincing pneumonia mimics 

Aspiration pneumonitis, 
Pulmonary vasculitis, 
Acute eosinophilic pneummia,  
Cryptogeric organizing
common & convincing pneumonia ... pneumonitis, Pulmonary ... Acute eosinophilic pneummia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Pulmonary
Characteristics of Selected Pneumonias

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Gram-positive diplococci. 
Haemophilus influenzae. Pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacilli. 
Staphylococcus aureus. Plump
Streptococcus pneumoniae ... Klebsiella pneumoniae ... Mycoplasma pneumoniae ... #Diagnosis #Comparison ... #Presentation #Pulmonary
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Overview:
 • Idiopathic form of organizing pneumonia
 • formerly BOOP
cough, dyspnea, fever ... - Diagnosis: ... , Pulmonary lymphoma ... #COP #BOOP #pulmonary ... #ILD #diagnosis
Venn Diagram - Does this patient have pneumonia?
Diagnosis is generally based on three lines of evidence:
Diagnosis is generally ... e.g., CXR, CT, ultrasound ... Inflammation (e.g., fever ... #Pneumonia #Venn ... #Pulmonolary
Eosinophilic Pneumonia
When to suspect Eosinophilic Pneumonia? Non-resolving pneumonia + BAL > 25% eosinophils + excluded more
Eosinophilic Pneumonia ... excluded more common diagnoses ... tobacco hx - Fever ... Consolidations AKA "inverse pulmonary ... #diagnosis #pulmonary
Non-Resolving Pneumonias: Etiologies
Unusual Infections:
 - Immunocompromised patients (e.g.: Mycobacterium, Aspergillosis, Nocardia)
 - Endemic Fungi (e.g.: Histoplasmosis,
Non-Resolving Pneumonias ... yersinia/rats, Q fever ... Others: - Pulmonary ... #NonResolving #Pneumonia ... #diagnosis #pulmonary
Eosinophilic Pneumonia - Diagnosis and Presentation

 • Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia 
 • Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia 

Andrew
Eosinophilic Pneumonia ... - Diagnosis and ... Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia ... #Eosinophilic #Pneumonia ... #pulmonary #diagnosis
Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)
Exposure-Related ILD (a.k.a. extrinsic allergic alveolitis): 
 • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Farmer's lung, Bird
• Idiopathic pulmonary ... • Eosinophilic pneumonia ... Acute, Chronic • Pulmonary ... Diseases #ILD #diagnosis ... #differential #pulmonary
Fever in Returning Travelers from Tropical Regions - Frequent Differential Diagnoses
Medical History:
 • Skin exposure to
Frequent Differential Diagnoses ... Cough, dyspnea - Pneumonia ... melioidosis, typhoid, pulmonary ... eosinophilia - Tropical pulmonary ... #differential #diagnosis