More common & convincing pneumonia mimics Aspiration pneumonitis, Pulmonary vasculitis, Acute eosinophilic

Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) Exposure-Related ILD (a.k.a. extrinsic allergic alveolitis): • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Farmer's lung, Bird fanciers' lung, (Many others...) • Pneumoconioses (i.e. ILD caused by inhalation of inorganic substances): Coal (coal workers' lung), Asbestos (asbestosis), Silica (silicosis), Beryllium (berylliosis) • Radiation pneumonitis • Medication-induced ILD: Amiodarone, Nitrofurantoin, Methotrexate ILD Secondary to Connective Tissue Disease: • Systemic sclerosis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Mixed connective tissue disease, Polymyositis-dermatomyositis, Lupus Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), Respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD), Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) Other ILDs: • Sarcoidosis • Vasculitis: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (a.k.a. Churg Strauss syndrome) • Eosinophilic pneumonia: Acute, Chronic • Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis - Dr. Eric Strong @DrEricStrong - Strong Medicine https://www.youtube.com/c/EricsMedicalLectures/ #Interstitial #Lung #Diseases #ILD #diagnosis #differential #pulmonary #causes

Pulmonary Complications Following Stem Cell Transplant For patients in the pre- engraftment period (day 0-30): - Pulmonary infections - Pulmonary edema - Engraftment syndrome (typically within 10 days, more common with autologous transplant) - Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (more common in allogenic than autologous) - Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (more common in allo than auto) - Hyperacute/acute GVHD predominate. - TRALI/TACO due to transfusion support For patients in the early post- engraftment period (Engraftment day-100 days post engraftment): - Infectious more likely (viral- influenza, CMV, adenovirus, bacterial- pneumococcus, legionella, nocardia,actinomyces,mycobacteria, and fungal- PCP, aspergillus) - Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome - Drug toxicity/Radiation pneumonitis For patients in the post-engraftment period (day 100 onward): - Bronchiolitis obliterans - Organizing pneumonia - Malignancy - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis/pulmonary cytolytic thrombi - Radiation pneumonitis - Autoimmune connective tissue disorders #Diagnosis #Differential #StemCell #Transplantation #Pulmonary #Complications #Timeline

Reversed Halo Sign - Infectious and Non-Infectious Differential Diagnosis Definition: A focal rounded area of GGO surrounded by a crescent or complete ring of consolidation • Infectious Causes: Mucormycosis, Invasive aspergillosis, Paracoccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Slow-resolving pneumococcal pneumonia, Psittacosis, Legionellosis, Tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia • Non-Infectious Causes: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener), Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Sarcoidosis, Dermatomyositis, Lung adenocarcinoma, Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, Pulmonary embolism, Lipid pneumonia @1min_idconsult #Reverse #Halo #Sign #Infectious #NonInfectious #Differential #Diagnosis #pulmonary

Non-Resolving Pneumonias: Etiologies Unusual Infections: - Immunocompromised patients (e.g.: Mycobacterium, Aspergillosis, Nocardia) - Endemic Fungi (e.g.: Histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioides). - Zoonotic (e.g.: tularemia/rabbits, chlamydia psittaci/avian, leptospirosis or yersinia/rats, Q fever/farm) - Returning travelers (e.g.: Burkholderia pseudomallei, hanta virus,.. ) Neoplasms: - Bronchogenic Carcinoma. - Lymphoma. Immunologic disorders: - Vasculitis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis). - Eosinophilic PNA (acute or chronic). - Sarcoidosis. - Cryptogenic organizing PNA. - Alveolar proteinosis. - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis - Other Rheum (RA, SLE, ...) Others: - Pulmonary vascular abnormalities (Pulmonary infarction/PE, CHF) - Drug toxicity (Amio, bleomycin, MTX,..) BCM IM Residency @BCM_InternalMed #NonResolving #Pneumonia #diagnosis #pulmonary #differential

Reverse Halo Sign Defined as a central ground class opacity surrounded by a ring of dense consolidation Differential Diagnosis: • Infection: Mucormycosis, Aspergillosis, Tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jiroveci • Autoimmune: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis • Vasculature: Pulmonary infarction secondary to PE • Malignancy: Primary pulmonary neoplasms, metastatic disease • Other: Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, Sarcoidosis, Radiation pneumonitis By @PulmPEEPs #Reverse #Halo #Sign #differential #diagnosis #pulmonary #radiology

Amiodarone-Induced Lung Iniurv (AILI) - Timeline Hours to days (peri-procedurally): ARDS Days to months: DAH Weeks: Eosinophilic pneumonia Weeks to months: Organizing pneumonia Months to years: Interstitial pneumonitis - BWH Medicine Chiefs @BrighamChiefs #Amiodarone #Induced #LungIniurv #AILI #Timeline #pulmonary #diagnosis #differential

The Many Flavors of EVALI (E-cigarette or Vaping Associated Lung Injury) - Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis - Organizing Pneumonia - Diffuse Alveolar Damage - Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage - Lipoid Pneumonia - Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia by Carla Canepa MD https://www.instagram.com/_carlemd_ #EVALI #ecigarette #vaping #lunginjury #pulmonary #Differential #diagnosis

Lung Nodules - Differential Diagnosis by Distribution • Centrilobular: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, RB-ILD, Pneumoconiosis, Infectious Bronchiolitis, Vasculitis, Diffuse panbronchiolitis • Perilymphatic: Sarcoidosis, Silicosis, Amyloidosis, LIP, Lymphangitis Carcinomatosis • Random: Metastasis, Infectious (viral, TB, fungal), Septic emboli, LCH BWH Medicine Chiefs @BrighamChiefs #Lung #Nodules #Differential #Diagnosis #Distribution #pulmonary

Cavitary Lung Disease - Differential Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm Acute / Subacute: • Acute Infections: Lung abscess, Necrotizing Pneumonia, Septic Emboli, Fungal Infection, Nocardia Chronic (≥ 12 weeks): • Chronic Infections: TB, NTB, Fungal, Parasitic, Viral • Malignancy: Primary lung cancer, Metastatic lung disease • Autoimmunity: RA, GPA #Cavitary #Lung #Disease #Diagnosis #Algorithm #lesion #pulmonary #differential

Hemoptysis Differential Diagnosis Framework Cardiovascular: Pulmonary embolism, Heart failure, Vasculitis, Valvular disease, Arteriovenous malformation Pulmonary - Airway: Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Malignancy, Foreign body, Iatrogenic, Bronchovascular fistula Pulmonary - Parenchyma: Pneumonia, Lung abscess, Tuberculosis, Fungal infection, Paragonimiasis Other: Catamenial hemoptysis, Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis Dr. André Mansoor @AndreMansoor - Frameworks for Internal Medicine https://amzn.to/2LmUODZ #Hemoptysis #Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm #pulmonary