35 results
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs ... in vitreous • Metastatic ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
significant portal HTN Signs ... obstruction) • Lack of signs ... sarcoidosis) • Liver ... metastasis • ... Fatty liver of pregnancy
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Tuberculosis: can cause ... • Lymphoma Metastatic ... vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Symptoms: Reduced libido ... • Signs: Decreased
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... = nonspecific (nausea ... Antithrombin Ill • Ultrasound ... obgyn #diagnosis #management ... #pathophysiology
Cardiac Tamponade - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Caused by an accumulation of blood, pus, effusion fluid
• Call for ultrasound ... re-assess using ultrasound ... examination and vital signs ... Plan definitive management ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
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Diagnosis and Management ... extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology
Bullous Pemphigoid - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Pathophysiology: Autoantibody-mediated damage to epithelial basement membrane -> separation of
Diagnosis and Management ... Summary Pathophysiology ... dermis Clinical Signs ... - Erosions and crusts ... erosions in ~20% Management
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
-> Leg Ulcers, Livedo ... inflammation tends to cause ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
hair follicles -> causes ... circulation to veins -> Livedo ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs