36 results
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... • Lymphoma Metastatic ... Symptoms: Reduced libido ... • Signs: Decreased
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
significant portal HTN Signs ... sarcoidosis) • Liver ... metastasis • ... Fatty liver of pregnancy ... • Primary biliary
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs ... in vitreous • Metastatic ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
IBD • Chronic liver ... Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
although hepatic causes ... decompensated liver ... Portosystemic shunts - Urinary ... syndrome (Peds) - Primary ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... cholestasis → Cirrhosis/Liver ... failure PBC Signs ... or higher • Liver
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
Primary and secondary ... hypotension - Nausea ... eosinophilia Primary ... Amenorrhea, decreased libido ... Insufficiency #Signs
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
compromise Clinical Signs ... frequency, urinary ... be present or signs ... Pathophysiology: ... KUB or abdominal ultrasound
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar spine Signs ... reflexes) • Urinary ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Acute Fatty Liver ... Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... = nonspecific (nausea ... Antithrombin Ill • Ultrasound ... diagnosis #management #pathophysiology