19 results
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs / Symptoms ... in vitreous • Metastatic ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... = nonspecific (nausea ... Antithrombin Ill • Ultrasound ... diagnosis #management #pathophysiology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
• Lymphoma Metastatic ... Androgens: • Symptoms ... : Reduced libido ... physical: - Symptoms ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... Features: • Many symptoms ... are not caused ... patients have no symptoms ... heart (2-5%), liver
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
-> Leg Ulcers, Livedo ... inflammation tends to cause ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
hair follicles -> causes ... circulation to veins -> Livedo ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
lights are a key symptom ... • Significant cause ... most frequent cause ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK+
Clinical
 • First 3 decades of life, M>F
 • Often nodal +
tissue, lungs, liver ... advanced stage + B symptoms ... sinuses and resemble metastatic ... than one • Rare cases
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Muscles, Kidneys, Liver ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... Syncope • Signs/Symptoms ... tissue damage (AKI, Liver ... differential #diagnosis #causes