10 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Differential Diagnosis ... deficit - Salt-losing ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Table
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Water and solute loading ... #Polyuria #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Non-cirrhotic Hyperammonemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hematologic & Vascular:
 • Multiple myeloma & Acute leukemia (plasma cells
Hyperammonemia - Differential ... bleeding (↑ nitrogen loading ... Hyperammonemia #ammonia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Disc Herniations - Pathogenesis and Complications
• 90% of Lumbar disc herniations happen at L4/5 and L5/S1
•
-> Disc less able ... -> Mechanical loading ... complications #msk #pathophysiology
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Lymphoproliferative #Disorders #Classification ... #pathophysiology ... #algorithm
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... Oral sodium loading ... #Hypertension #Differential ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
channels open leading ... Transient K+ efflux moving ... channels open leading ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Hypersensitivity Types and Their Mechanisms
Type I - lgE - Soluble antigen
 - Allergen-specific lgE antibodies bind
cellular antigen, leading ... Hypersensitivity #Types #Classification ... #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Reactions #Table
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... gastrointestinal osmotic gradient ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypokalemic salt-losing ... abuse • Salt craving ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology