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diagnosis differential causes diuretics metabolic hypokalemia nephron pharmacology acidosis algorithm aniongap diuresis excretion gitelman hormones im kidney locations loopdiuretic management
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action Diuretics 1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin 2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics) 3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide) 4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... of Action Diuretics ... urearetics) 3) Loop ... #Pathophysiology ... #Action #nephrology
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
Mechanisms of Loop ... Diuretic Action ... Panel A, loop diuretics ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephro #IM #LoopDiuretic
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action 1) Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic
Hormones Acting ... on the Nephron - ... mannitol) 3) Loop ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... blood pressure: Active ... diuretic use, Bartter ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
vomiting/ nasogastric suction ... • Thiazide or loop ... diuretics after ... renal tubule diuretic ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... plasma insulin (treatment ... , nasogastric suction ... syndrome (mimics loop ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
, ileal loop ... Generalized distal nephron ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... loads (ammonium chloride ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... the Nonspecific Cation ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... Surreptitious diuretic ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
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