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diagnosis differential causes diuretics metabolic hypokalemia loopdiuretic nejm nephron pharmacology resistance acidosis algorithm aniongap diuresis excretion gitelman hormones kidney locations
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
Mechanisms of Loop ... Diuretic Action ... Panel A, loop diuretics ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephro #IM #LoopDiuretic
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action Diuretics 1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin 2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics) 3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide) 4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... of Action Diuretics ... urearetics) 3) Loop ... #Pathophysiology ... #Action #nephrology
Nephron Remodeling as a Mechanism of Diuretic Resistance. When high doses of loop diuretics are used
a Mechanism of Diuretic ... high doses of loop ... diuretics are used ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephro #IM #LoopDiuretic
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action 1) Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic
Hormones Acting ... on the Nephron - ... mannitol) 3) Loop ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... blood pressure: Active ... diuretic use, Bartter ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
vomiting/ nasogastric suction ... • Thiazide or loop ... diuretics after ... renal tubule diuretic ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... plasma insulin (treatment ... , nasogastric suction ... syndrome (mimics loop ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
, ileal loop ... Generalized distal nephron ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... loads (ammonium chloride ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... the Nonspecific Cation ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... Surreptitious diuretic ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
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