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nephrology diagnosis differential causes hyperkalemia algorithm diuresis metabolic rhabdomyolysis syndrome urine balance chloride criticalcare diuretics excretion fluid high k medications
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... plasma insulin (treatment ... , nasogastric suction ... syndrome (mimics loop ... Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... (renal potassium ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... diagnosis #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... diuretic use, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... of sodium and potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Non-reabsorbable anion ... High Urine Cl - Loop ... diuretics, Mg2+ ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #urine #potassium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... renal function) - Loop ... diuretic (often ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #management #potassium
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
vomiting/ nasogastric suction ... • Thiazide or loop ... diuretics after ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
and Management ... (IV loop diuretic ... acetazolamide) - IV loop ... (10g PO tid) - caution ... #Treatment #potassium
Gitelman Syndrome - Management Treatment includes - Electrolyte replacement - K & Mg, preferably Cl salts
Gitelman Syndrome ... - Management Treatment ... In persistent hypokalemia ... , K sparing diuretics ... may be used with caution
Diuresis in Critical Care - Achieving a Negative Fluid Balance Advantages Of A Negative Fluid Balance: •
• Start with LOOP ... are short acting ... ) to normalize Potassium ... contraction metabolic alkalosis ... Fluid #Balance #management
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Diagnosis and Management ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Monitor potassium ... Loop diuretics for ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
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