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diagnosis nephrology differential algorithm pharmacology neurology syndrome cardiology hyperkalemia hypokalemia hyponatremia table chf heartfailure hematology medications criticalcare diuresis diuretics endocrinology
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
Mechanisms of Loop ... Diuretic Action ... Panel A, loop diuretics ... binding to sodium–potassium–chloride ... #Pathophysiology
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... Total loop diuretic ... maximal dose for IV loop ... following a single loop ... HeartFailure #Cardiology #Management
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Metolazone Loop ... Piretanide Potassium ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion ... #loop #thiazide ... #classes
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action 1) Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic
the Nephron - Diuretics ... mannitol) 3) Loop ... Diuretics (e.g. ... HCTZ) 5) Potassium-sparing ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... Fluids Shift potassium ... renal function) - Loop ... diuretic (often ... #Hyperkalemia #management
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... syndrome (mimics loop ... #Hypokalemia #Causes
Cyanide Toxicity Treatment: 1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) or 2) Amyl nitrite
Cyanide Toxicity Treatment ... Amyl nitrite - causes ... thiosulfate enhances conversion ... Toxicity #Toxicology #Pathophysiology ... #Management #Treatment
Hyponatremia Treatment Algorithm CHF, Cirrhosis - Fluid restriction SIADH - Fluid restriction - Consider salt tablets if etiology
Hyponatremia Treatment ... consider adding loop ... diuretic Reset ... -> free water diuresis ... #Algorithm #Management
Causes of Hypomagnesemia Redistribution: - IV glucose - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis - IV hyperalimentation - Refeeding
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Saline or osmotic diuresis ... - Potassium depletion ... disease Drugs: - Loop ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #nephrology #potassium
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