14 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Urea/uric acid excretion ... Uric Acid - Low ... High Uric Acid → renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Normal/low ... result of increased excretion ... settings, the urine sodium ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
90 minutes) • Sodium ... bicarbonate Potassium excretion ... (if preserved renal ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Urine Fractional Excretion ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... • Normal or Low ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Decreased Intake: • Low ... - Metabolic alkalosis ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Sodium loss (diuretics ... can be high or low ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Immunosuppression in Transplantation
Induction (I):
 - Basiliximab (Simulect)
 - Alemtuzumab (Campath)
 - Rituximab
 - Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (ATG)
Induction
#Medications #Pharmacology ... #Table #Drugs # ... #Maintenance #Management ... #Nephrology #Renal
Potassium Binders for Management of Hyperkalemia
 • SPS - Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
 • Patiromer (veltassa)
 •
Hyperkalemia • SPS - Sodium ... veltassa) • SZC - Sodium ... Hyperkalemia #treatment #pharmacology ... #table #comparison ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Excretion Carbonic ... • Metabolic alkalosis ... irrigation • Management ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... protein - Low ... sodium diet ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... #Pediatrics #nephrology