13 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Syndromes (PRS) ... life-threatening diseases ... Inflammatory eye disease ... mononeuritis multiplex WORKUP ... hypercellular glomeruli
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Sodium loss (diuretics ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis
 • ↑ in serum Cr of ≥ 0.3mg/dL above baseline
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... • Severe liver disease ... significantly improve renal ... ) • Low urine ... #nephrology #criteria
Summary of characteristic abnormalities of selected glomerular diseases
Light Microscopy (LM) - Immunofluorescence Microscopy (IM) - Electron
• Lupus ISN/RPS ... Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome ... Nephrotic syndrome ... #diseases #nephrology ... pathology #comparison #table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
disease - Renal ... Oral sodium loading ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
pulmonary and renal ... Vasculitis - Skin, glomeruli ... : - Kidneys: glomerular ... • Complement (Low ... • Urinalysis (Renal
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... with previously stable ... disease: CKD, acute ... apnea: CPAP, most pts ... #Hypertension #Workup
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
pulmonary and renal ... primary condition MEDIUM ... • Kidneys: Non-glomerular ... vasculitis • Behcet syndrome ... vasculitis • Cogan syndrome