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diagnosis management differential disease glomerular hyponatremia sodium acute aki algorithm causes celiac classification comparison criticalcare crystalloids druginduced foamed gitelman glomerulonephritis
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Cerebral Salt Wasting ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... Familial renal Mg wasting ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Slow - don’t delay ... #potassium #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... common culprits: Hypovolemia ... , Low effective ... Urinary obstruction, Nephrotoxic ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... in monitoring low-level ... #glomerular #testing ... #workup #diagnosis ... #nephritic #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... in monitoring low-level ... glomerular #disease #workup ... #nephrology #nephrotic ... #nephritis
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE Drug Induced Lupus (DIL): • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
• Immunologic Workup ... in >90% - Low ... ulcers, Lupus nephritis ... 60-80% - Low ... sle #comparison #table
Commonly Used Diagnostic Tests for Celiac Disease Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA antibodies - Most reliable noninvasive test
negative if on low-gluten ... Reflects response to treatment ... Celiac #Disease #Testing ... Tests #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Table
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... renal potassium wasting ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
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