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diagnosis differential management causes hyponatremia pharmacology treatment acidosis algorithm classification comparison constipation crystalloids enema fleet foamed gastroenterology gitelman hyperkalemia hypertension
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... Familial renal Mg wasting ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Slow - don’t delay ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing Common causes: • Renal parenchymal disease
and Screening Testing ... (correction of hypokalemia ... Oral sodium loading ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... renal potassium wasting ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2) • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Hypotension & Hypovolemia ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... toxic alcohols, Sodium ... separate D-lactate testing ... Differential #Diagnosis #criticalcare
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues. This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
ECF and ICF both work ... , the ICF must now ... the ECF causes Hyperkalemia ... patients we are all treating ... #foamed #criticalcare
Enema Selection / Comparison Table A short guide for choosing which enema to order depending on the
Selection / Comparison Table ... consider when treating ... Sodium Phosphate ... derangements, hypovolemia ... Enema #Comparison #Table
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