14 results
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Diagnosis Framework ... fast - Too slow ... Water - Pus - Blood ... • Pleura: - ... Transverse myelitis • Hematology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... effective arterial blood ... #urine #potassium ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... losses: • High Blood ... consumption • Low ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... blood pressure ... (renal potassium ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... UA positive for blood ... Monitor potassium ... per day until stable ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Pulm: Hypoxia, dyspnea ... , Elevated Cr, Low ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Presents as dyspnea ... potassium from ... Hypothermia: Due to low ... #Transfusion #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
- Differential Diagnosis ... walking uphill - Dyspnea ... Tachypnea, - Low-grade ... , hypotension, hypovolemia ... hypertension, dyspnea
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Presents as dyspnea ... potassium from ... Hypothermia: Due to low ... #Transfusions #diagnosis ... #management #hematology