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Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... Serum albumin - Low ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Intraoperative Massive Blood Loss - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Expected or unexpected major haemorrhage

❶ Call for
point of care testing ... • Use lab testing ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... in monitoring low-level ... #glomerular #testing ... #workup #diagnosis ... #nephritic #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Cerebral Salt Wasting ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
in >90% - Low ... ulcers, Lupus nephritis ... druginduced #lupus #sle #comparison ... #table #rheumatology ... #diagnosis #management
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
in monitoring low-level ... glomerular #disease #workup ... #diagnosis #initial ... #testing #nephrology ... #nephrotic #nephritis
Peritoneal Dialysis vs Hemodialysis - Advantages and Disadvantages 
Peritoneal Dialysis:
 • Access: Abdominal wall insertion of
rarely, a patent pleuro-peritoneal ... #Hemodialysis #comparison ... #table #advantages ... disadvantages #nephrology ... #management
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
complications from anesthesia ... Orthopedic • Low ... surgery Stress Testing ... medical and surgical management ... stratification #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... #potassium #nephrology