12 results
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs ... /symptoms or echo ... Blood cultures/serology ... Blood cultures/serology ... #Endocarditis #comparison
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Coltivirus Symptoms ... Acute meningeal signs ... culture or by serology ... specificity of up ... #neurology #meningitis
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
direction-changing on lateral ... Central #Vertigo #diagnosis ... #findings #signs ... #symptoms #comparison ... #neurology
NINDS Diagnostic Criteria for Guillain Barre Syndrome 
Features Required for Guillain-Barré Syndrome:
 • Progressive muscle weakness
sensory symptoms ... or signs, Cranial ... nervous system signs ... Recent diphtheritic infection ... #criteria #neurology
Dermatomyositis (DM) and Polymyositis (PM): Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Elevated Antinuclear Antibodies: Anti-Jo-1, Anti-OJ, Anti-Mi2, Anti-SRP, Anti-EJ,
dehydrogenase (LD ... diffuse CD8+ T lymphocytes ... Polymyositis #PM #Diagnosis ... Pathophysiology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
dysregulation -> Bacterial infection ... immunocompetent cells (lymphocytes ... Pathophysiology #Urology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Diagnosis
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
- Differential Diagnosis ... photophobia - Mild ... - Autonomic symptoms ... meningeal irritation signs ... ophthalmology #Neurology
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
membrane • Through lateral ... aspect of mastoid tip ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis ... #otology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Direct microbial infection ... Hyperreflexia develops later ... signs and/or symptoms ... lymphocytic - ... #management #neurology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
impairment • Mild ... early stages of infection ... • Depressive symptoms ... Diagnosis: MRI ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology