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Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... Reflexes: • ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Commonly caused ... fibular neck such as
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Upper Extremity ... Dermatomes and Myotomes ... , T1 (median) Reflexes ... #UpperLimb #Extremity ... #diagnosis #neurology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
- Causes progressive ... segment: Upper extremity ... , lower extremity ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... Escorial criteria uses
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... : Areflexia UMN ... , lower extremity
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases ... extremity, facial ... Weakness: Starts in legs ... Decreased / Absent Reflexes ... : Arms or legs
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome ... • Locked-in syndrome ... wrists clenched; legs ... wrists clenched; legs ... Casey Albin MD @
Achalasia Summary

Epidemiology: 10 cases per 100,000 individuals

Defined by inadequate relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis
Primary or
esophageal sphincter to relax ... suggest cancer as ... Laparoscopic myotomy ... first-line therapy ... peroral endoscopic myotomy
Myasthenia Gravis Overview

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction.  Ab to
weakness, arms > legs ... muscles: “myasthenic crises ... Generalized fatigue - ALS ... AchR antibodies: first ... Myasthenia Crises
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Guillain-Barré Syndrome ... Incidence: 1 to 2 cases ... depressed deep tendon reflexes ... extremity, facial ... Guillain #Barre #Syndrome