9 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Polyneuropathy, Acute ... stroke, Acute spinal ... , Hypermagnesemia ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... , Hypomagnesemia
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... , Acute leukemia ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... require urgent nephrology ... common culprits: Hypovolemia ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Family history of hypokalemia ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... pressure Labs: • Hypokalemia ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... #Hypokalemia
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Diagnosis and Workup ... Blood Work: - ... Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia ... Elevated Renin Urine ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... Hyperphosphatemia • Hypocalcemia ... /Late - Hypercalcemia ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
and Management ... reabsorption) Workup ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Acute Hemolytic ... flank pain, dark urine ... • Hypocalcemia ... , Hyperkalemia: ... Transfusion #diagnosis #management
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
- Acute Hemolytic ... flank pain, dark urine ... - Hypocalcemia ... , Hyperkalemia: ... Transfusions #diagnosis #management