13 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... #Alkalosis #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... #Alkalosis #Differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Chloride Algorithm Cl ... loss of Cl- ... of Cl- outside ... Cystic fibrosis Cl
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Exogenous (KCL ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... pathophysiology #pharmacology ... #potassium #medications
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... salicylates) R Renal ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... acidosis/Chronic renal
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... infusions) - Metabolic ... Medications 2.
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... infusions) - Metabolic ... Medications 2.
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... #Alkalosis #Differential
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) - Overview
Types of CRRT
 • CVVHD - Continuous Veno-Venous hemodialysis -
Continuous Renal ... Therapy (CRRT) - Overview ... correction of metabolic ... 4K, 2K, or 0K (all ... #Continuous #Renal
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome Overview ... alkalosis • Normal ... • Hypokalemia (renal ... potassium wasting ... ratio 0.5%) Differential