17 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
salicylates) R Renal ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... acidosis/Chronic renal ... failure - Adrenal ... insufficiency
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... syndrome #Primary #Metabolic ... #Alkalosis #Differential
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Evaluation and Differential ... Ketoacidosis, Renal ... loss of bicarb, Renal ... of H+, Renal loss ... Disorders #Evaluation #workup
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... aldosteronism #Metabolic ... #Alkalosis #Differential
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Periodic paralysis Alkalosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Renal artery stenosis ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... alkalosis - Fistulas ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... #Differential #
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
in the urine - Renal ... Renal Loss of HCO3 ... - Renal insufficiency ... Hypoaldosteronism - Renal ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Alkalosis - Elevated ... Inappropriate renal ... Inappropriate renal ... kidney disease Renal ... Imaging: - Normal Renal
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
• Congenital Adrenal ... Panhypopituitarism Treatment ... Celiac, IBD) • Renal ... CHF) • Inborn Metabolism ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypokalemia and metabolic ... alkalosis. 7. ... eg, presence of renal ... • Vascular: Renal ... Renal parenchymal