28 results
IV Fluid Composition and Effects on Plasma
0.9% Saline
Ringer's Lactate
Balanced Crystalloid

#IVFluid #Composition #Plasma #comparison #Effects #nephrology #pharmacology
Composition and Effects ... Composition #Plasma #comparison ... #Effects #nephrology ... #pharmacology
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
in tumor lysis syndrome ... Calcium phosphate ... Magnesium ammonium phosphate ... struvite or "triple phosphate ... Microscopy #Crystals #comparison
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
Electrolyte Excretion Effects ... +, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl ... #electrolytes #effects ... #pharmacology # ... comparison #table
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Cl - Non-reabsorbable ... anion effect: ... Cl - Loop diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrome ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... Cl-: Vomiting, ... (late) • High Urine ... Bartter Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Effects of Strokes by Location - Anterior vs Posterior Localization

Anterior Circulation 
 - MCA 
 -
Effects of Strokes ... Circulation - MCA ... Artery #Strokes #Syndromes ... #Localization #Effects ... #Neurology #Diagnosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... Cl-: Vomiting, ... (late) • High Urine ... Bartter Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
leukemia Measure Urine ... Fractional Excretion of Phosphate ... Tumor genesis syndrome ... Framework #Workup #phosphate ... #nephrology
Phosphate Binders - Pros and Cons

Calcium carbonate (TumsTM) 
 - Most inexpensive, antacid properties useful for
Phosphate Binders ... anti-inflammatory effect ... Binders #Table #Comparison ... #Pharmacology # ... Nephrology